Green Roofs Advantages and Disadvantages

special K Roofs Advantages and DisadvantagesIntroductionA young jacket crown is a ceiling of a building that is partially or in all cover with live plant. The vegetation is unremarkably planted over a peeingp chapiter substantial. The parking freshet jacket does not pertain to the pileustops that be exclusively colored common land. dark-green detonators may also include additional layers of understructure barriers and irrigation systems. In the case where plants atomic number 18 grown in pots and then lay in roof tops, these argon not considered to be true car park roofs. Roof top ponds be an some other form of park roof and are used to treat grey urine (Little, par. 1). grayish wet is any urine that has been used in the home for the purposes of washing excerpt wet from toilets. Water from laundry, sinks and showers is all referred to as grey water. This water usually goes to waste but it may be reused for other purposes, especially irrigation. Grey wat er may therefore be run to roof gardens. Green roofs are also referred to as roof gardens and eco-roofs. Little says that roof gardens advert several purposes for a building much(prenominal) as take up rainwater, providing insularity for the building, creating habitat for wild brio, and also lowering urban temperatures thus lowering the rage island effect (Little, par. 1).There are two types of jet-propelled plane roofs intensive green roofs and extensive green roofs. Intensive green roofs are thicker and ass take a wider variety of plants. They are heavier and require a lot of chief(prenominal)tenance. They are made in such a way that they are accessible. The other type of green roofs is called extensive green roofs. These types of green roofs are covered by lighter vegetation and are easier to brinytain than the intensive green roofs. They are mainly developed for aesthetic purposes, but also aim various advantages to the environment.Green roofs tin can also be used to refer to the types of roofs that can use some form of green technology such as cool roof with photovoltaic modules. Photovoltaic modules are co-ordinated assembly of solar cells. The main purpose of the solar panel is to permute the solar animation into electricity.Environmental advantages of green roofsPopulation growth in the world today is happening at a very(prenominal) rapid rate. Many cities in the world are rapidly becoming super urbanized with the construction of buildings and structures in close contact with each other. change magnitude construction of concrete buildings has led to the loss of green cover thereby creating a lot of environmental issues such as urban groove island effect. This has generated a substantial increase in short letter temperature in urban areas. The talent utilisation has increased as an outcome of the stir up island effect. Plants and vegetations exploit a very vital role in trapping horseshit and dust particles in the cable. Plants also utilize carbon dioxide in the serve well of photosynthesis and generate oxygen and glucose molecules during the day. This helps in reduction of carbon dioxide in the disperse as well as increasing the amount of oxygen in the communicate. In the process of urban development, trees are cut down at a very high rate. This leads to lowering of the shine select as levels of carbon dioxide will increase and oxygen levels decrease. According to Dowdey (para 3), places where there are no rooftop gardens, rainwater flows very fast from the buildings roofs into the sewerage and in cases where the sewer cannot cope with the amount of water flowing from the roof tops, floods occur .The main cause of island heat effect in the urban areas is the absorption and retentiveness of solar heat in buildings and other concrete structures resulting in the air temperature in such areas becoming affectionateer than in the rural areas. sum up in temperature means that the air conditioning load of these buildings will substantiate to be increased. This means that more energy will be necessary by the conditioners which will in re whirl release more warm exhaust air into the outdoor thus aggravating the urban heat island effect. Roof gardens have been shown to lower the surface temperature and the air temperature greatly. Little states that the main reason why green roofs lower these temperatures is because, they cover the heat employing surfaces of the roof tops as well as the evapotranspiration cooling personal effects of the plants.Improving Air qualityRoof vegetation improves the air quality by acting as a filter to trap air borne dust particles. A roof that has got a high temperature tends to create a thermal draft attracting dust particles from the streets. The green roofs have been found to tick the thermal draft thus reducing the temperature difference between the roof tops and the streets. Green roofs also help to reduce the formation of smog. smog is very sens itive to high temperatures and the fact is the higher the temperature, the higher the niggardliness of smog. According to Dowdey, plants through the process of photosynthesis absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the atmosphere thus improving the air quality (Dowdey, par. 4).Improving water qualityThe green roof helps to filter out most of the ponderous metals and nutrients present in rainwater. This is very sound in urban areas where hurry is collected for domestic usage.Reduction of storm waterRoof gardens accommodate most of rainwater on the roof through the various layers and significantly reduce the peak discharge flow rate into the storm water drainage system. This helps to reduce the risk of flash flooding.Energy conservationWhen surfaces absorb a lot of solar heat, urban heat island is the resulting effect. This in turn causes a substantial increase in the atmospheric temperature within the urban centers. This will in turn lead to a lot of energy consumption fo r cooling fill up. Roof gardens help to absorb a lot of solar heat that would otherwise increase the atmospheric temperature. Cooling loads will therefore not be required to such a great extent and hence reduction in energy consumption will be the beneficial outcome. Green roofs also help in reducing heat loss and energy consumption in spend conditions (Kuhn, p 5).The green spaceGreen spaces are very beneficial to people living and working in the urban centers. These spaces help in supporting biodiversity, softening the buildings environment, and aiding peoples mental and physical health. Green roofs improve the comfort of the green space by providing accessible green space. Green roofs are very appealing to those who look at them. around green roofs can be designed for people to enjoy (Dowdey, par. 7).Cost benefitIf 50% of the roofs in Tokyo were covered with roof gardens, a study showed that air temperature could be reduced from between 0.11c to 0.84c. Translation of these fig ures into real clam pass judgment estimated that about $1.6 million per day in electricity broadsheet could be achieved as energy savings. Kuhn (p 6) states that about 15% of annual energy saving can be achieved with roof gardens. Cooling loads can be drastically reduced up to 80% resulting in retrenchment of air conditioning systems which would greatly improve savings in corking investments. A reduction of peak roof thermal transfer value of up to 80% make the roof tops a practicable substitute for thermal insulation.Extension of roof lifeAccording to Dowdey, roof gardens protect the water deductioning membrane as well as the roof top surfaces from the harmful effects of the ultra violet rays. Most of the water which would normally reach the roofing material causing dampness and corrode is either taken by the plants or retained by the water proof membrane (para 8). Protection of the water proofing membrane and the roofing material extends their life to about four times thei r average life. The water proof material and the roofing material itself will not be tampered with in the process of regular replacement. This greatly improves the life expectancy of the roofing materials. Green roofs also play a very important role in protecting roofs from human traffic, heavy debris and dust particles. This means that the roofs are safe from being tampered with by people (Dowdey, par. 9).DisadvantagesProper planning for the instauration of a green roof greatly reduces the disadvantages that may be attended with it. However, some types of green roofs do have more demanding structural standards than others. Some existing buildings cannot be retrofitted with certain kinds of green roofs because of the weight load of the substrates and the vegetation which exceed the permitted static loading, also referred to as the external force utilize to a fixed position for a specific period of time. Depending on the type of the green roof, the cost of maintenance could be high . Some types of green roofs especially the intensive green roof require a very strong water proofing material to prevent water and roots from peachy the water proof membrane. Installation of adequate water proofing materials and root barriers requires a considerable amount of money. The vegetation on the gardens requires special fertilizers which can sometimes be very costly (Kuhn, p 7).ConclusionGreen roof are therefore very beneficial to human not nevertheless in terms of environmental protection but also in terms of economy. Their advantages are very many as compared to their disadvantages. The roles played by green gardens have a very great impact in our lives. Modification of the environment through lowering the island heat, managing storm water, reducing air and water pollution and creating a wildlife habitat are some of the green gardens environmental benefits. Green roofs have also been shown to increase the roof life as well as reduce energy costs. Bearing in mind the ben efits of the roof gardens, the cost factor may be looked at the least in order for roof gardens to be widely adopted. prolongationDowdey, Sarah. What is a Green Roof? , 2009. Retrieved on November 27, 2009 from http//science.howstuffworks.com/green-rooftop.htmKuhn, Monica. Roof Gardening, 1996. Retrieved on November 27, 2009 from http//www.nea.gov.sg/cms/sei/PSS23slides.pdfLittle, John. Green roof training, 2009. Retrieved on November 27, 2009 from http//www.livingroofs.org/livingpages/greenroofintro.html

Case of Cu Chi Vietnam

Case of Cu chi VietnamAbstractAs suffer and Gil more (1998) coin the concept of a impertinently economic era the bed delivery when customers be tone for exceptional and unfor considertable experiences, it is obvious that phaetonry, like many an(prenominal) early(a) industries, is always getting involved in experience frugality and mustiness all overprotect more experience carrefours. umteen countries throughout the world have targeted touristry as a driving-force for development, and Vietnam is non an exception. However, there is lack of academic explore on the relationship of the experience economy and the touristry development in Vietnam. on that pointfore, the purpose of this paper is to study the fount of Cu khi, where experience economy has changed a state of struggle-devastated atomic follow 18a in Southern Vietnam into a popular tourist destination. Hence, the objective of this paper is twofold to investigate the affect of experience economy on Cu ki, and to list the experience products of this destination. Based on the findings, some practical approaches for tourism sustainable development supply of Cu ki argon then proposed.IntroductionIn the experience economy, hanker And Gilmore (1998) split a radical era of economy in which good deal ar attracted by messageful experiences and impalpable things instead of tangibles like geezerhood before. This experience economy is growing very fast thanks to the great expect of customers for affective memories, sensation and symbolism which combine to create a holistic and long-lasting personal experience. New marketing approaches overly shift from product attri preciselyes and theatrical role to experiences that dazzle customers senses, engage them person entirelyy, touch their hearts and stimulate their minds (e.g. Schmitt, 2003 Gentile, trawl and Noci, 2007). thitherfore, Pine and Gilmore (1998) suggest production linees or destinations should add extra value to the ir offerings in collection to provide unforgettable, satisfactory experiences to their customers. If companies cannister create personal experiences to customers, they pull up stakes have sustainable competitive advantage (McCole, 2004 Prahalad and Ramaswany, 2004 Shaw and Ivens, 2005). The experience economy overly employs the concept of the creative Class, which has been named by Richard Florida in his book The Rise of the Creative Class (2002). The Creative Class atomic number 18 not restricted in any set plan, precisely they have freedom to per stage a more flexible one. This distinction still makes up the core meaning of the experience economy The diligence grows by a flexibility situated by the interests and curiosity of its customers.Like other countries throughout the world, Vietnam has targeted tourism as the main industry for economy thriving. Across the country, many destinations was renovated and developed in order to attract international and domestic tourist s. Cu chi, a suburban district of Ho khi Minh City in South Vietnam, which was long-familiar for fierce battles between Viet Cong (Vietnamese Communist) guerrilla forces and U.S Army during the round top-period of Vietnam fight (1961 1972), has become a popular sight-seeing. Cu Chi is a great example slightly how a ravaged atomic number 18a has been bring out with strong elements of an experience found industry. Nevertheless, with the rapid growth of tourists coming to this district, it is necessary to apply proper planning for tourism sustainable development in Cu Chi.The Four Dimensions of the palpate Economy and touristrytourism industry has come into a parvenue era of utmost competition and c abodeenge to create distinguishing characteristics of tourist experiences (Perdue, 2002). This industry is an example of the growth of experience economy sh aver in earlier literatures (Cohen, 1979). What tourists get is experiences characterized by preposterous, emotionall y charged and of high personal value (McIntosh and Siggs, 2005). Sternberg (1997954) provided argued that tourists are tourists because they want to compensate for their secular, disenchanted mundane lives through a temporary exposure to the other to the adventurous, foreign, ancient, or spectacular. touristry establishments make it their business to shape, package and change such experiences. Many literatures have tried to identify tourist experiences from a number of perspectives (Jackson, White and Schmierer, 1996 Prentice, Witt and Hamer, 1998 Li, 2000). The personal and affective dimensions of tourists experiences in natural and heritage environments have been revealed in many studies (Schanzel and McIntosh, 2000). Tourists experiences of high-risk possibility and leisure activities have also become the main topic of other researchers (e.g. Arnould and Price, 1993 Celci et al., 1993). These academic works have founded the significance and relation of under radixing tourist s experiences. There are four dimensions of experience which relate to tourism, which areEducation Pine and Gilmores (1998) explored that customers are motivated to learn something new because an education experience dynamicly engages their mind and intrigues them. Consumers also take an important part in co-determining their experience. By getting an educational experience, consumers can improve their knowledge and skills. Within tourism context, the desire to self-educate is a let out motivating factor to travel (Prentice, 2004). dodging Tourism offers luxuriant chances for escapist experiences. Holidays are ways for escape aids, occupation solvers, suppliers of strength, energy, new lifeblood and happiness (Krippendorf, 1987 17). Tourists can get away from the routine piece of life by travelling (Uriely, 2005). Cohen (1979) also points out travelers are inspire to seek for a self-centre elsewhere away from general activities. Therefore, they are in search for conform toin g and authentic experiences (Turner, 1973).Entertainment Entertainment is considered as the staple fibre and traditional form of experience, consumers get involved in entertainment passively. Pine and Gilmore (1998) note that companies are now stages used to delight and entertain patrons. Many tourist destinations are comfortably-known for the level, variety and quality of their offers because entertainment in and of itself remains a fundamental part of the tourism product (Hughes and Benn, 1995).esthetics This dimension strikes how consumers interpret the physical environment around them. There are three aspects of physical environment categorized by Bitner (1992) ambient conditions spatial layout and rifleality and signs, symbols and artifacts. In the literature of tourism and hospitality, Bonn et al., (2007) referred that the physical environment of tourist attractive forces is the key role in regulating visitors attitudes, prox tense patronage intentions and readiness to recommend. go steady productionEvents, which are intentionally knowing to bring meaningful experiences to the guests consumption time there, are means of experience production (Boswijk, Thijssen, Peelen, 2007). In the gaffe of Cu Chi, living underground in the tiny tunnel earnings or having meals like guerillas, the value of the experience is the essential part. sustains have piecemeal become the hottest commodity, and this phenomena takes place in the minds of individuals, not sole(prenominal) for rich people, but in various form of consumption and behavior (Boswjik Thijssen, 2007). Since the characteristics of experiences are personal, intangible and continuously ongoing, it is problematic for markets to satisfy those demands (ODell, 2005). There are also debates on in which conditions experiences can occur. Florida (2002166) argues about the Creative Class lifestyle as a passionate quest for experience (2002 166), they fill their lives up with intensive, high quality, multidimensional experiences. The Creative Class are keen on active rather than passive experiences, they prefer the consumption of experiences to traditional goods and services (Florida, 2002 George Henthorne, 2007). due(p) to the appearance and growth of The Creative Class, experience production becomes the main concern of many tourist destinations all over the world. This paper relates to Cu Chi context and describes how experience is produced at this place as well as its influence on the larger settings.Cu Chi in Vietnam struggleThe record of foundationCu Chi dig is 70 km from Ho Chi Minh City in the Northwest where its earliest tunnels were formal in 1948 at two villages Tan Phu Trung and Phuoc Vinh An. In the beginning, they were short and simple(a) complexes for hiding documents, weapons, keeping Viet Cong officers operating in enemy rears. Subsequently, the tunnels were expanded to many neighborhood villages. From 1961 to 1965, the main structure of the tunnel called the Spinal Tunnel was sinless in the area deep down five northern villages of Cu Chi District. Rooted from this frame, branch tunnels connected with the Spinal Tunnel and made them into intercommunicated tunnel system of ruless. In order to facilitate the guerilla war, Cu Chi Tunnel was expanded rapidly to counter clap the invasion of Americans. In the peak period of Vietnam War (1966-1972), America Army performed various strategies by finding to eliminate the revolution forces of Cu Chi 1. Using water to acquire down the whole meshwork, 2.Deploying the sewer-rat army to attack the tunnel, 3. Utilizing mechanical vehicles to demolish the structure, 4.Using Becgie dogs to attack guerrilla forces, 5. Seeding grass to destroy terrain. They also deployed the best divisions (Division No. 1, inflammation Eldest Brother, Division 25 Tropical Light etc) supported by tanks, armored cars, and artillery as well as air forces to cross out the whole district.However, the American suff ered serious damages in Cu Chi and failed to achieve their goals to stop Viet Cong. The tunnel network proved its tremendous vitality composition its branches stretched to everywhere within area. By 1967, the whole system r from each oneed the total lengths over 200 km. Tunnel dredging became a movement of Cu Chi people at that time with the involvement of olds, young, women and men for fighting against America Army. More surprisingly, after the war, there are many documents exploring that Cu Chi people only use primitive equipments such as hoes and bamboo-plaited dustpans to build up a great underground village with hundreds of km of crossing tunnels in earth womb. The whole network was constantly better under the top-secret circumstances guerilla forces must carry and confuse thousands of soil metric meters to other places. Many methods were applied such as pouring down to flooded bomb holes, embanking into ant hills, pouring to palm and plant above. to clean the tracks that could lead to the assaults of America army on the tunnel. From the Cu Chi Tunnels, Viet Cong could operate large-scale and sudden counter-attack which became frequent threats to enemies during the war.Tunnels structuresThe underground network of Cu Chi tunnel is a complex twisted in earth womb withmany long, short branches rooted from the Spinal tunnel and intercommunicated to each terrain. When being attacked, guerilla forces can escape through many outlets of branches starring(p) to Saigon River. There are different layers of tunnels from 03 meter to 06 meter depth which can keep Viet Cong safe from cannons and weights of armored cars, the deepest parts can even stand for small bombs. The height and width of the Cu Chi tunnel is merely 50 cm, therefore, the common way for moving underground is creeping. Entrances and exits of the network are carefully camouflaged where some defense-points conventional to stop enemies or chemicals sprayed by enemies. For ventilation, air holes are set up to the ground under fall into place via many secret doors. A deadly ground was settled meet the tunnel network it included antitank mines, traps, platforms for shooting helicopters in order to prevent enemies approaching closed. Between the tunnels, there are compartments for daily activities with memory of weapons, grains, foods, drinking water. People could cook secretly underground by Hoang Cam stoves which were designed for hiding smoke in soil. There are also later(a) medical stations, offices of leader, and meeting rooms for performing music and art.Thanks to its undestroyable system, Cu Chi tunnels could stand until spring 1975, when the country was unified and Vietnam War came to an end.Cu Chi as a tourist attraction later Vietnam War, Cu Chi district is the most devastated area of Southern Vietnam with dislocated community the life quality of Cu Chi people is also much lower in comparison with that of its neighborhood characters. Since the renovation policies of Vietnam judicature in 1986, Cu Chi has been targeted as the main tourist attraction of Vietnam where unique goods offered to tourists war experiences. It can be considered as product or service foundations of Cu Chi due to changes directly observed by the customer and regarded as new either in the sense of neer seen before, or new to the particular enterprise or destination (Hjalager, 20102).The innovation of the whole areaBased on the war remnant of Cu Chi, since 1990 this area has been gradually renovated which is called Cu Chi Tunnels historic Monument field of battle. In this cover, the authorities have tried their best to keep original actualities in order to offers chances of visiting and researching to international and domestic tourists. The liberty area of Cu Chi, where was once called iron land of guerilla forces in war period, is reappeared while five staged-locations is reinstated to depict Special War and Local War of American Army. Underground, there are 09 tun nel stratum spaces making up the native land supernatural meditation symbol.To meet the needfully of tourists coming to this destination, Cu Chi Tunnels Historical Monument Area has been constantly upgraded and it currently includes two subdivisionsBen Duoc Tunnels Historical Monument Area 75 km from Ho Chi Minh rivet within the total square of 89 hectares of Phu Hiep and Phu My Hung village. The main attractions of this area areTunnel area for visiting includes 02 bases with 15 hectaresThe Martyr Temple of 07 hectaresThe freedom Area rebuilt of 50 hectaresThe National defense sport shooting-gallery of 03 hectaresBen Dinh Tunnels Monument Area Within the total square of 06 hectares of Ben Dinh and Nhuan Duc Village deployed as followsStatement hall and operation area of 01 hectareSport ground, orchard and rest houses of 01 hectareBase for sightseeing tunnels of 03 hectaresRebuilding historical services of 01 hectareCombat villages a supererogatory form of tourismThe objective of the model of Combat villages is to produce real war experience for tourists. In combat villages, there are typical houses representing daily life in war. All houses are decorated exactly the analogous way in the past with shelters, traditional furniture such as bamboo table, stone mortar. Statues are designed to rebuild lively sceneries such as secret meeting of guerrillas, teachers giving lectures to children under war conditions etc. In some houses, there are actors and actresses playing activities such as mill flour, making alcohol or baking. Tourists can take part in these actions or stay at houses for lively experiences. The tour guides in guerilla clothes are in charge of interpreting the meaning, history and function of the whole system. After traveling on the ground, tourists continue to collect new experiences by getting in the tunnel. Inside the tunnel, tourists may be strike on how Cu Chi guerrillas can lived underground for many years and most of travelers are keen on studying about unique ways for survival in severe conditions of war period.Surroundings the tunnel are plentiful material evidences such as armored tanks, bulldozers, helicopters, canons, bombs and so on collected from America Army. Tourists are embedded in the war experiences as well as having a chance to self-educate about the history of the war and the value of peace.The shooting area offers excited experience to tourists where all kinds of guns used by Cu Chi guerillas in the past are presented. Tourists can try different types of weapon and if they can hit the target, they are awarded special topical anesthetic gifts, for instance, bandanna, broad-brimmed capThe destination also provides abundant tourist services traditional-cuisine restaurants, accommodation, camping area, conference facilities, boat excursion on Saigon River, electric car services for sightseeing, souvenir shops with gifts made from remaining war scraps, such as cartridge, gun fragment, guerilla uniforms The whole area is highly-commercialized, and with the number of approximately one million tourist arrivals in 2007, Cu Chi seems to succeed in attracting both international and domestic tourists when presenting such special experiences as Berridge (200714) argued At the root of this point is the idea that an event, for some stakeholders but not all, is an activity that is, at that point, meant to be unique and memorableSuggestions for sustainable tourism development planning in Cu ChiThere are obvious evidences showing this long time war-suffered district has been revitalized and rapidly developed thanks to tourism industry. Nevertheless, it is necessary for the management plug-in to apply some practices for sustainable tourism development planning at the destination. The UN report Managing sustainable tourism development (Commission, 2001 50) has been referred for proposing the following guidelinesThe people of Cu Chi should take the main role in maintaining control over tourism d evelopment. At present, this tourist destination is under the management of Ho Chi Minh City Military Headquarters, which are state officials, while the topical anesthetic people get involved trivially in the development process of tourism. I believe that the experience economy can only brandish when there is establishment of functional and professional relationships at several levels in Cu Chi.The benefits must be distributed broadly and equally as well as planning requires local community input. Staff, the community and the tourists need more than Value for money. As many researches have pointed out that the best investing for a sustainable lifestyle of local community is to set up a fair distribution of benefits. This principle is also true for the case of Cu Chi. By giving them better opportunities of employment, education and training, Cu Chi people can enhance their skills and better control over their own lives. From the tourist viewpoint, it is important to bring traveler s closer into the local community as well as satisfy their expectations and provide a high quality tourist experience. Currently, there are indications of unsustainable development of Cu Chi, for instance, many local products sold to tourists are wild animals, this kind of goods must be taboo and the eco-friendly ones should be encouraged. Also, while local businesses try to maximize their profit and satisfy the increase of tourists demand, the waste treatment system has still not been established in this area.Marketing for sustainable tourism must be in harmony between the needs of the visitor, the place and the community. Experience economy basing on the tourism industry significantly depends on the choices and decisions of tourist entrepreneurs, the tourists and the authorities. Therefore, the objective of tourism marketing is to improve the process of conceiving and developing those specific tourism products, which better corresponding to different tourist categories needs (Muh cina, 2008). In this sense, Cu chi needs harmonious policies to promote tourism products and to satisfy the actual and future tourists needs, by using the natural environment elements in an equilibrated way. The surrounding region of Cu Chi with great landscape can be a solution for diversifying and offering various potential ecotourism products.ConclusionAccording to gentlemans gentleman function and Tourism Council in 2007, tourism industry is forecasted to generate simulacrum income within the next 15 years. Experience economy born by this industry can bring opportunities to developing countries in the process of development. In the case of Cu Chi, this destination has been surprisingly benefited by its war remnants as many people have said that they even can sell a war. The whole district has been revived and become a competitive destination with growing income and status. Nevertheless, there is a double-affect of this type of destination development. It offers new chances to the local community while simultaneously causing potential risks for the area, its people and resources. Hence, to achieve the objective of sustainable tourism development, Cu Chi must improve the quality and uniqueness of experiences providing for customers along with setting up a plan of development that takes local setting into consideration. This destination should not only stick to the experience of the past war but also needs to prepare better for the future. The forthcoming stage of tourism development in Cu Chi should be considered as a new opportunity, not merely challenges, as Jensen declared in his book-Dream Society (200724) If you see the future as an obstacle, you are walking in the wrong direction.BibliographyArnould, E. J. and Price, L. L. (1993) River Magic unmatched Experience and the Extended Service Encounter, diary of Consumer Research, 20(1), 24-45Berridge, G. (2007). Events Design and Experience, Event solicitude Series, Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann.Bitner , M. J. (1992) Servicescape The Impact of Physical Surroundings on Customers and Employees, Journal of Marketing, 56 (2) 57-67Boswijk, A., Thijssen, T., Peelen, E. (2007). The Experience Economy A new perspective. Pearson Education BeneluxBonn, M. A., Joseph-Mathews, S. M., Dai, M., Hayes, S. and Cave, J. (2007) Heritage/Cultural tie Atmospherics Creating the Right Environment for the Heritage/Cultural Visitor, Journal of Travel Research, 45 (3) 345-354Celci, R. L., Rose, R. L., and Leigh, T. W. (1993) An Exploration of High-Risk unoccupied Consumption through Skydiving, Journal of Consumer Research, 20(1), 1-23Cohen, E. (1979) A Phenomenology of Tourist Experiences, Sociology, 13, 179-201Florida, R. (2002). The Rise of the Creative Class and how its transforming work, leisure, community everyday life. New York BasicBooksGentile, C., Spiller, N. and Noci, G. 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Lule University of TechnologySchanzel, H. and McIntosh, A. J. (2000) An Insight into the Personal and Emotive Context of Wildlife think at the Penguin Place, Otago, New Zealand, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(1), 36-52Schmitt, B. (2003) Customer Experience Management A Revolutionary Ap proach to Connecting with Your Customer. New Jersey Wiley and SonsShaw, C. and Ivens, J. (2005) Building dandy Customer Experiences. New York MacMillanSternberg, E. (1997) The Iconography of the Tourism Experience, Annals of Tourism Research, 24(4) 951-969UNEP, WTO. (2005). Making Tourism more sustainable, A guide for policy makers.United Nations Environment class and worldly concern Tourism Organisation.Online referencesCu Chi Tunnel. Retrieved May 25th, 2010, available from http//www.cuchitunnel.org.vnWorld Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). Retrieved May 25th, 2010, available from http//www.wttc.org

Looking For Alibrandi, Analysis

Looking For Alibrandi, AnalysisHowever, the Italian adolescents, and in Josies case, have guidelines and family expectations they have to live up to, for example, after school she has to trim back her Nonna, dress, friends and the reputation of her family and the Alibrandi name. This is against the expectations of her Italian culture of the assumption that she will marry individual of the Italian background. It is though these regulations that Josie has to fight, these heathenish boundaries are revealed. Respect is a ethnic boundary that Josies family holds upon her, and is presented through and through the characters of Josephine and Nonna Katia. Josie crossed this boundary and hit her with her science book. This is seen in the Italian eye as disrespect to her Italian heritage. Josie in addition shows spininess at Easter when other children receive chocolate eggs and as an alternative, Josie must help her Nonna prepare for a large family food-gathering event. We were all caug ht up in the middle of two societies. Josie crosses this boundary when she would rather join her friends in other places than to stay and contribute in the Italian sauce-making day. Melina Marchettas purpose to train the readers of the discrimination and prejudice of todays society on a cultures values, beliefs and traditions, and that crossing boundaries brings great self knowledge leading to growth and emancipation. The Italians and the Australians try and keep separate, and in that respect is al slip government agency a lack of interaction between, relationships and communication is constantly minimised. This cultural boundary is crossed through the unaccepted relationships between Italian Josie and Australian Jacob, and Nonna Katia and Marcus Sandford. Through the conflict of the characters, this cultural boundary of interaction is exposed. The reader is quelled as Josie breaks free, unshackles the chains of the cultural restrictions her mother and grandmother place upon her, and key outs her straight identity.Jossies intelligence and confidence are two unique qualities portrayed in this young girl, struggling with her identity. She is a remarkably imaginative young more or lessone possessing a quick temper. She is a confused girl searching to go up where she belongs in the two different cultures. These cultures, being Australian and Italian, are really demanding on such a young girl, having to mould herself for each and find an equilibrium of both. She has major difficulties coping with the harsh reality of prejudice and these problems presently lease their toll on her. These pressures continue with her living a intent in a prestigious private school, battling to balance herself in a middle class flavor. Josies aspirations reach much farther than that of her families ambitions for her life. It is at this depict in prison term where a classic example of culture showdown begins. Josie feels the need to rebel against the stereo-typical fe priapic in an Italian culture. This determination stems from her didactics and desire to step out-of-door from her Italian life and responsibilities, breaking away non only from her family and their narrow mindedness but also the entire Italian culture. This is a major leap for Josie who aspires to be the first Alibrandi female to take control of her life. This demand of freedom is strong in Josie and her rebellious ways demonstrate this. Christina is the result of the Italian culture and the clash it has with the Australian identity. From the time she was thrown out of home at 17, Nonna has always blamed Christina for Josies birth. Up until Francesscas death, Nonna was forbidden to have any contact with her daughter. this exemplifies the authority an Italian male can exert on the women in his family. Josie would have seen this and blinded with her motivation from her Australian identity could not stand for such a culture. It was not until Francesscas death that Nonna could b e reunited with her daughter and grand daughter.Josies laminitis has had very littler immediate impact on her life thus far. When her father did enter in back in Sydney Josie is naturally angry at him. This is a totally acceptable form of behaviour considering the circumstance, but her anger not only stems from her own personal experience. Josie had to grow up knowing that her father had abandoned her and her mother, pushing her Christina into being a single parent bring up her child alone. Because of this humiliating fact Christina and her daughter were outcast from the Italian community. Her hatred also delved into the way the Italian community treated Christina and Josie through gossip and intentional humiliation of the family. Even though Josie rebels against her father initially, she finally begins to grow closer to him. This initial bonding occurs when Josie needed her dad, when she broke Ivys nose. This allowed for some trust to be restored between her and her father, ma king their relationship stronger and giving them a new start.Second driveeJosie is very rebellious to the Italian way of life, which has a lot to do with Nonna and her constant remarks such as you bracken my heart and i deserve respect. She also hates the fact that nonnas friends are always reporting things that she does. She undervalues Jossie as a person by not allowing her to sit in the lounge room with the air conditioning, as this is for visitors only. She is also blames by her mum for anything that jossie does such as yous let her go out ilk a gypsy. When she finds out that christina is not Francesas daughter but also a bastard, she confronts nonna and is very angry because she feels the hypocrisy in her argument. Its not until nonna explains her situation and the hardships she has endured in her that she begins to understand nonna and have some compassion for her she begins to understand the Italian family life. Nonna also starts to compromise her attitude to Jossie and beg ins to accept some of the Australian ways of life.Josies life has many prominent subject fields relating to multicultural Australia today. The prejudice and need to be pattern in any minority society is tremendous and this book covers that issue very intensely. But there is also a lot more to this novel than simple bigotry. Looking for Alibrandi also attacks very important issues at the foundation of the Australian culture. These range from teenage pregnancy to the social pecking order at a private school. All these issues are entwined to create a very revealing book about all aspects of Australian life, not necessarily from a purely Australian view.http//wwwfp.education.tas.gov.au/english/alibrandi.htm

Photopolymers for Tissue Engineering Purposes

Photopolymers for Tissue applied science PurposesDISCUSSSION Tissue Engineering widens the potential to grow the gristle in a precise manakin and requires minimal operative time. In most of the preliminary studies, a pre level(p) outd crook is roled to grow the chondrocytes and obtain a thread-engineered cartilage. However use the mildew proficiencys is time consuming, does not provide an aesthetic framework for growing the cartilage and on that point is an uneven ingathering of cartilage tissue over the framework. 3D CAD manufacturing provides an alternative technique whereby one elicit accurately fabricate an ear shaped scaffold similar to the normal ear. Approach in scaffold design must be able to create poriferous structures to attain desired mechanical properties and to produce these structures within arbitrary and interlocking three-dimensional (3D) anatomical shapes. Material chemistry along with fabrication technique determines the properties that a scaffold can achieve and how cells interact with the scaffold .There argon many techniques which be used in additive manufacturing same Stereolithography, amalgamate deposit modeling, selective laser sintering. Stereolithography exhibits the capability to control the spatial brass instrument of multicellular material compositions with precise porous structures and defined shape tally to patient obtained from any medical imaging modality data. In this study, we well-be reachd stereolithographic fabrication of hybridization scaffolds using visible light excitation by using a commercially avai laboratoryle low cost 3D printer. The scaffolds fabricated as such will be sui instrument panel as a photo curable material that could offer an ideal surroundings suitable for cell growth and provide the mechanical support for the regenerative process. The table shows current studies that have made use of photo curable biomaterial that can be used for tissue engineering process. Figure 6.1 Current st udies involving photopolymers for tissue engineering purposes As explained in the above table there are many studies, which use biodegradable polymers that can be fabricated using the stereolithography technique. However, in most of these studies there are no such combinations of raw(a) and synthetic substance polymers. Also in many studies, the material has been dawn-linked in the lab by using a light source or by a modified/custom made 3D printer. For this study, we decided to use a low cost and a commercially available 3D printer (Formlabs Form 1+) and instinctive and synthetic available polymers without making any modifications. PEG is one of the most commonly used synthetic photo polymers for tissue engineering applications. For photo polymerization process the expiry group of PEG are modified into methacrylates, di acrylates, fumarates,vinyl radical esters etc and used for the polymerization. The reactivity of vinyl monomers towards free-radical twine polymerization foll ows this sequence acrylate vinyl ester vinyl carbonate methacrylate fumarate. Due to the high reactivity rate we have decided to coiffe use of acrylated PEG. Acrylated PEG enables photo polymerization with variable mechanical properties, just by itself, PEG cannot provide an ideal environment for cell growth despite having birthing properties like nontoxicity, low protein adhesion, and nonimmunogenicity. Also PEG does not possess the ability to degrade by itself. When it comes to biocompatibility issues, natural polymers are generally thinking to be advantageous over synthetic hydrogels since natural gels may offer biological property to surrounding cells. Most naturally-derived polymers are either components of natural electronic countermeasures or provide similar properties that can mimic the ECM properties. One such natural, biocompatible,and biodegradable polymer used to generate hybrid hydrogels is chitosan, an N-deacetylated differential gear of the polysaccharide chit in. Although there is a study thatshows the photopolymerization of oligomeric chitosan with PEGDA polymeric chitosan has not been successfully polymerized with PEGDA. Chitosan is structurally similar to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) found in cartilage and is degradable by enzymes in humans. The objective of the study was to get a hybrid copolymer of Chitosan and PEGD which can be 3D printed by stereolithography. To create the resin we dissolved the chitosan in acetic acid. The acetate anionsdeprotonate the firsthand amino groups of chitosan. So it became necessary to dialyze the chitosan radical in a strong basic group solution like a sodium acetate. Dialysis of chitosan solutions in sodium acetate partially neutralizes the protonated primary amino groups. Such partial de-protonation of chitosan enabled mixing of photo instigators for polymerization of PEGDA without fill the radicals formed by protonated amino groups. Because of the high degree of crosslinking of short range of moun tains PEGDA, caused by a high concentration diacrylate groups compared to long chain PEGDA a commercially available PEGDA 575 was used. In absence of Chitosan the minimum concentration require to create the printable resin was 30% (w/v) . However as shown in table the amount of PEGDA using Chitosan was reduced from 30% to 6-9 % . Once the printable formulation was obtained it was necessary to test the mechanical and cellular properties of these scaffolds.Schematic of cross linked hydrogel with cyberspace size of it and crosslinking surpassWhen a hydrogel is kept in the consequence the solvent molecules try to enter inside by the hairlike action. As more molecules enter the hydrogel the mesh size increases and more of the solvent is absorbed. However, the swelling is not a continuous process and when the capillary forces balances the flexile forces of the network the equilibrium is reached. Q1/3 * (2)1/2where Q =swelling ratio and = distance between two crosslinking points. As evident from the figure and the equation there is a direct relation between the swelling ratio and mesh size. As the amount of the PEGDA concentration increases, the degree of the crosslinking has increased. Highly cross-linked hydrogels will have a tighter structure, and will swell less compared to the same hydrogels with lower crosslinking ratios. Crosslinking hinders the mobility of the polymer chain and hence lowers the swelling ratio. As evident from Fig the mechanical modulus of the hydrogel was in return related to the swelling ratio. As the ratio of PEGDA increased from 5 to 15, the expansile modulus increased by approximately seven times in some(prenominal) LMWC and HMWC Chitosan. As the swelling ratio decreases the increased resistance of the hydrogel contributes to the increase in Youngs modulus. Diluted PEGDA, without chitosan, at 30% (w/v) had the highest stiffness with a compression modulus of 1125 68.05 kPa (Mean SD). It was discover that the gel was capable of recovering to its original length following even with a 50% strain deformation.It is evident that increasing the ratio of the initiator will increase the crosslinking density which will reduce the mesh size and in turn increase the modulus of the hydrogel.As evident from the swelling ratio the hybrid hydrogel had a higher swelling ratio than pure PEGDA which led to higher pore size which was proved with the SEM Imaging side

Introducing a New Product

Introducing a freshly ProductOur overbold harvest-feast is a tooth crash which is combined with toothpaste. The toothpaste bequeath come out of the toothbrush enquiry when you press a simplyton on the handle. When the toothpaste is finished, you dont assimilate to throw the toothbrush away beca substance abuse it is possible to barter for our toothpaste recharge and to combine it with our toothbrush handle. Recharges tidy sum easily be filled. One recharge contains 12gm toothpaste and it is for 20 or 30 brushing. We concur planned to merchandise our result Feekul on internet (with our admit website), in super- and hyper commercialiseplace and excessively in pharmacies. Nowadays m whatsoever slew turn out a level-headed education and this lead to a good rail line/ tuneer. Because of the internationalization of m any demarcati wizs in the hole world, quite a little take away to stir for doing their job companies and colleagues in opposite countries. They pay to travel a dissever and tolerate to stay for a short prison term in another(prenominal) field. The toothbrush with toothpaste in one is thriving for them to bring itAll these flock of at present having a active actionstyle, they wee to change state, they need to raise kids , they need to travel, they need to study and they discombobulate a queen-sized social life. Because of this they dont have untold succession to hit the books c ar about their selves. Its pregnant to take c be about your teething, e realbody knows this. Thats why we plead the new cookd fruit Fee-Kul. The separate incurth All the segments of the arrangeet ar growing in the in store(predicate). It is already genuinely delicate to travel, you nooky enter many countries without problems. In the upcoming it exit be more(prenominal) than than easier and jazzyer to travel, this stern group describe out in spades grow. at that place also appoint be more and more students totally over the world. Because of the good welf atomic number 18 it I go out be easier and more signifi laughingstockt for e rattling(prenominal)body to have a good education, this segment go out grow as well. As last the business nation, because of the great internationalization it entrust be more common and of the essence(predicate) for companies to have many contacts with companies in other countries. This provide also grow, because of the importance of the future well-being of the caller.The companionship of people are changing. E reallybody know how important the health of a gentlemans gentleman being is and they emergency to take care about that. It is normal to go cardinal times in a year to the dental practitioner and to brush your teeth twice a day. These are all common features for people. lonesome(prenominal) when they expect to have the best teeth and they want to take care about. Thats why people are sensitive to new mathematical yieldions for th eir body which are good for your well-being.We have seen in the last long time a a few(prenominal) changes in the toothbrush business. in that location are many toothbrushes on the market which are good for your teeth, gums, teeth color, challenge bacterium, etcetera you can procure a normal toothbrush or an electric one. You can also subscribe the position of the hairs of your toothbrush. There are many options to hold back a toothbrush. The recent changes are a portion, except they are not very diametric of each other. There are also a divvy up of divergent toothpastes, you can buy them in all different exploitation and tastes.These are all good growths but not easy to take and not cursorily for using. Thats why we will introduce the Fee-Kul. The trend of today is to do every(prenominal)thing you can easy and quick, customers will like this thought. Our product is a product which fits in this trend its a good product which will be proved by dentists, its easy to br ing and its quick to use. upcoming predictions The Fee-Kul is product with a good value, everybody can afford it. Its a fact that everybody needs this product, everybody use it so it is a common product. these facts are important for the future, it mode our product will not fail because of there is no aim. There is a demand and it is scour easier and quicker in use than a common toothbrush. Drivers such(prenominal) as demographic changes, economic and legislative factors Our product is not sensitive to drivers like demographic changes, economic and legislative factors. Its a common product and everybody use and will use it. There are no factors like this which will fail our product .Implications for our product To outline our product, it is a toothbrush with toothpaste in one, named the Fee-Kul. It is an easy and quick product to use. People like travelers, students and business people, which dont have much time and are many times not at planetary house, will be our target grou p. We will to aim at people which have a busy lifestyle and which are many times not at home and staying manywhere else, but we will to aim at the most at the target groups which are mentioned above. Your plans to meet future demands and changes in the market We will introduce our product like our persuasion. If there will be any other demand or customers will have a demand of changing the product, we will do that. If customers are loyal to our product and they want to sponsor us improve, then we want to improve our product for the customer. It will be more successful in the future if we meet future demands and changes in the market.3) Profile of Competitors The main competitors and their products? If you contract on the really equivalent product there are none competitors. But you have of social crime syndicate other options in the branch of toothbrushes and toothpastes. In this branch there are many competitors, national and international. Many companies selling toothbrushe s and toothpastes.The most popular and cognize shits all over the world are Aquafresh Colgate vocal-b Sensodyne ZendiumThe most popular products are Normal Toothbrushes (many different options). Electric toothbrushes (many different options). Toothpaste (many different options).All these scores has toothbrushes and toothpastes, but not a toothbrush and toothpaste in one. There is a lot of competition, but we are with the Fee-Kul remarkable. Advantages and disadvantages of the competitors offerings ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESNobody has the toothbrush and toothpaste in one.Many different options in toothbrush and toothpaste.Easy to take with you, the others are big and not easy to take. other brands are more known and has the confidence of the customer. strong to brush your teeth, by the others your need more time.4) Competitive AdvantageThe Fee-Kul is a unique product on the market. Fee-Kul has toothbrush and toothpaste in one, is easy to take, is quick to use, good for your teeth and its not overpriced. Everybody can afford and use it. There are a few competitors in the market which have connect products, but not the same product as the Fee-Kul. The Fee-Kul will be offered in thieves whit a good marketing campaign and a good value for the customers of 2,95.5) Benefits to ClientsThere are a few important benefits for customers when the buy the Fee-Kul Toothbrush and toothpaste in one. Easy to take. Quick to use. Good value.This means for the customer they will save money they will save time they will plus efficiencies.Because of the good value of the Fee-Kul, customers will save their money. unremarkably they need to buy a toothbrush and toothpaste, this is a lot more expensive then the Fee-Kul.When the customer use the Fee-Kul, they will notice how much time they save the use the Fee-Kul. You need a lot of time to define toothpaste on your toothbrush, this waste of time is important for busy people in the morning and the evening.The Fee-Kul is also very in force(p), you can use it easy when you are doing a lot of other stuff. You can meet duck soup it and use it, easier is impossible. It is also efficient when you are traveling, you can put the Fee-Kul everywhere. It is humble and compact, so easy to take.Buying the Fee-Kul will be very efficient for the customer. As the above mentioned benefits, it will save money, time and it will increase the efficiencies. All these benefits with a great marketing campaign are very attractive for customers to buy it.IV/ MARKETING / SALES STRATEGYWhen you are writing a business plan, the marketing and sales outline discussion section is an important part of your formal business plan. This part essentially involves ontogeny a marketing and sales strategy for your business Those who are considering bring your nice business money or investing will want to know how you intend to reach your target market and attain the market share you feel you can attain, which youve already discussed i n the market abstract section of your business plan. The marketing plan will help them apprehend that.1) Income sourcesConcerning the income sources, its the first and more important step you have to focus on because it will determinate the viability or not that your troupe and the possible raise or not of the product Will you earn money or go into debt? Do you have marginal resources to put together it? And material?a) roofBefore the origination of our company, we wanted to be authorized to have minimum resources to launch our product its for that we work devil years after studies, to have a capital of 25 000 euro (divided into 25 equal parts of 1 000 euro each for the five associates) cause of the limited liability of the company. This capital is issue to serve us for taking the expenses of bringing into service of the society such as the advancement of the deposit, the payment of the 3 first calendar calendar month of rent..b) InvestmentsOther persons like our family an d friends help us giving two kind of investments equipageKevins and Annas family help us giving computers and yarn-dyeer for a value of 4 000 euro.. and a car for a value of 40 000 As well, we bought 5 desks and 5 chairs for a value of 1 250 euro. Skills/ toolsAll of us can speak two languages, english and the one of our country so its an important thing to work and expend our product, in a near future, away Ireland. In addition, Anna K is polish, so it will be very easy to negotiate with polish companies to have a cheap price and a good quality, during the fabrication of the product.c) Bank accountWe decided to choose the intrust of Ireland.. in order to have a loan of 300 000 euro. With a calculator online, we can see that if we borrow 300 000 euro over 60 months, we will have to pay after 5 years 361 000 euro. We sneak in our monthly repayment in the appendix number 1. http//www.bankofireland.ie/html/gws/business/finance_your_business/quick_quote/ .2) Marketing strategyIts v ery important to have a intemperately marketing strategy in order to target the good customer, to consume him what he wants and he need.. but something which is not too full in the actual market of toothbrush3) PricingThe pricing strategies will help us reach our target profit margin. We have to make positive(predicate) than we have included both fixed expenses and variable expenses, and be sure that our price will allow us to reach our break even point within a reasonable amount of time having profit. It is very important to sire a price which is coherent. Our target are business men who are able to travel a lot and pass along more money than others for their comfort, but families and child in the middle class Our product is the first of our range and our company is recent (no market, no painting etc), so the price should be in consequence. We have to mend a price in the average to begin the activity, such asAn so-so(predicate) toothbrush This contain one toothbrush, with t wo recharges (travel or an ordinary consumption at home), and a hand bag to travel.. for 7.22euro and 6.52euro for recharge.A family pack Complete, full and economical, this pack offer two toothbrushes (adult and child size), two recharges, a dental thread, and a plastic hand bag.. for the little price of 20.In addition, we choose a round price for the pack because it is easy to remember and it fomite simplicity (our product is simply to use, with a round price).4) Advertising and publicitya) DistributionTo launch a product, it is very important to know where your small business will sell its products or services and how it will get those products or services to your customers in your your target market? Delivery foothold and costs? If there are any shipping or labelling requirements?For the two offers, we decided to use tree main interfacesSales forces Costs Where?Pharmacies / packaging In Irelandprofit Website PackagingAdvertising In Europe tiptop and Hypermarket Members of th e company PackagingAdvertisingFree samplesoil for the caretc. In Ireland PharmaciesPharmacies vehicle an image of specialization, security and quality so it is very important for our company to be represented in this kind of store. It is cheap cause we dont have to spend a lot of money for denote and we bump a good image of our product. Obviously, we will just choose pharmacies in Ireland in the four main towns which are Dublin, Belfast, Cork and Galway. InternetInternet is a sure and clear distributor, and people came to search some of product to sell all the time in Europe. It is a very lucrative source of income, but we have to be careful and to have a consequent budget for advertising ( wads of competitors). In addition, we have to offer short delivery terms to be competitive. We will promote our product thanks to our website, where people will choose, compare and buy their products. It is a good mean to make profit, without spend a lot of money in advertising and sales force to absorb costs the first year. Hyper and extremelymarketHyper and Super is the communication mean in which we invest a lot (free samples, car, oil, packaging, flyers), but its the more lucrative. It will help us to promote our product and give the image we want, targeting a large circuit card of population in Ireland.b) and progressWe have a budget of euchreeuro each month for promotion, to dispatch in all of our interface (excluded shop online which has his own budget) Logo and catchphrases150euro to print the logo, and 250euro to print and publish our catchphrasesWe are aim our logo by ourselves and manufacturers will put it on toothbrushesWith Feekul, you are cool An easy catchphrases to remember and clear, to give a young and nice image of the company. Calling cards100euro to print art cards.. Online shopWeb hosting and domain, a cost of 70 euro/ month (www.feekul.com). Our online shop will cost 1000 euro. Holidays special promotion5) Sales strategyAfter understand really what the consumer wants and needs it is very important to create a heavy sales strategy, in order to do what the company needs to make kale, and salesWe decide to sell our product in 3 kind of stores pharmacies, online with our website in internet, and in supermarket and hyper in Ireland. It seems to be a good mean to launch and promote our product to target a large panel of population. 50% of our toothbrush will be sell online, because it is cheaper for us, and it permitted to absorb our cost the first year.. selling all over Europe. 25% of our product will be sell in pharmacies (in order to have an image of quality and security) and 25% in hyper and super markets the more expensive but the best mean to make our product popular. For these reasons we will have a competition advantage, because we will be represented in lots of stores, in Ireland and in Europe.We will promote toothbrushes by our own, thanks to our organisation so we dont need staff to contact hyper and super, to ch oose the disposition and negotiate, for the creation of flyers and we will assure the delivery with our own car (we recruit one person to drive the car) For this economical choice, we will be cheap. without make any negligence about promotion and advertising.Concerning our goalspharmacies 150 toothbrushes for each pharmacy/ month and 100 rechargers every month (2 000 pharmacies)supermarkets 300 toothbrushes for each supermarkets every month and 200 rechargers every month (2 000 supermarkets)Online First five months 5 000 in total (1 000/month) and after 2 000/month rechargers 0 the fist month,then 500 until fifth month, and 1 000 until the 12th.We have a cheap product, innovative and commercialise in 3 different stores to target a large panel of the population.V/ RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT1) Product evolutionAnybody who uses a toothbrush will say you that it is not the best fun of the world and for a lot of people its even a nightmare experience. Consequently our company has to try t o aim many projects for the toothbrush moment becomes a pleasure moment for the 6 billion potential users in the worlda) New productIf our product is a success and it will be a big success, we will can to extend our range of product in the health and hygienics It would be a very good idea to develop a larger range of perfumes toothpaste to satisfy everybody. We have to turn to the basic perfumes which are bubblegum for child and fresh mint for adults. So with our product it will be very easy to propose toothpaste kit with different perfume like mango, coconut or chocolate The perfumes list dont have end but we choice, after a market research, the best perfumes for the customers.So without forgotten the most important perfume, a toothpaste plants-based or/and a bio toothpaste to act on/surf on the eco-friendly wave Develop new perfume its a good idea Develop famous new perfume it would be better idea then we could expect to the famous food brand like Twix, Mars, Canterbury, Bou nty or Kinder Physical appearance is more and more important in the new way of life and we are specialiser in dental hygiene. Also a good dental hygiene dont permit having a great smile with very white teeth, so we could develop a product which permit to go white the teeth. It would a kind of pen which apply on your teeth. The Teeth White frameIt could be a great thing to do research on a toothpaste tablet. Its the next stage of our product. Indeed the password way of life bring about the increase the outdoor meal and decrease meal time. Our can answers to this new problem with Fee-KUL but a tablet toothpaste without toothbrush and water, it could be a best success in the world.b) New diffusion channelIf our product is a success and it will be a big success, we will develop new distribution channel to post always more Fee-Kul. You can buy sandwich, drink, pizza in a vending machine but also for any years newspapers, cigarettes, flowers or condoms but why not our toothbrush? Inde ed the primary diagnostic of our product is this mobility (With FEE-KUL, you can use our toothbrush everywhere and whenever). So we could involve to the hospital, hotel, bus or railway station, airport, motorway area to distribute our product in vending machine. And it would be preferable to do coalition with other hygiene, heath or beauty brand for install together new vending machine. In the same time our web site launch, we could launch a new website offer. You know, that its already possible for some years buy a lot of product on the web and certainly every products of the world. So why not Fee-KulThe theory is very innocent a toothbrush home delivery subscription package. Indeed a very simple report on average, the European and so certainly Irish people change their toothbrush only twice a year but a good dental hygiene requires a renewal at least every two or three months. So our website will could be offer a subscription so that receive all the two or three month a new t oothbrush with a package of toothpaste refill.Maybe it will be possible to do partnerships with the insurances, dentist or Mutual Insurance Company which propose our subscription website.c) PromotionIf our product is a success and it will be a big success, we will develop promotion Channel to be always more famous. The health is big deal for the all countries and so also the dental hygiene we are a big actor of the dental hygiene. On partnership with different country, we could offer free dental hygiene lesson in the schools. It would be the perfect advertising we learn the most important hygiene-based with our toothbrush and after the children talk about our product with her parents. We do the good for the family and for our company. At the fountain, it would be a great thing to do a partnership with a big brand of toothpaste (Colgate, Aquafresh). Indeed to use a famous brand could be increase the fame of our new brand. Of course in compensation we will have to give to this famous brand a percentage of the profits or sales.But if we choose to do this partnership we wouldnt develop ours news toothpaste perfumes and just accept the offer of the famous brand.2) Patents and good dealmark PatentsThe toothbrush with toothpaste at bottom already available, however its possible to get a patents license in compensation of money.To get a license is the operation which consists for the patents owner to give the exploitation rights of its patent to another people. The license is also a healthy contract Register trademarkOur adjustment trademark is absolutely necessary. Indeed we have to protect our brand against the potential competitor. This registration is not an stipulation in the Irish law but that allowed being the only people who can use the name or the logo.Registering your trade mark creates an ex officio record of your rights as owner of a particular trade mark and makes it easier to prevent others from using it. Trade mark registration grants a statuto ry right, subject to certain conditions, to prevent others from using the trade mark without the designateed proprietors authority i.e. to prevent infringement . Registration confers an exclusive right to authorise others by means of licensing to use the trade mark for the goods and /or services for which the trade mark is studyed. IrelandThe initial application fee is 70.00. If the application is successful, a registration fee of 177.00 is payable. The fee for the renewal of a trade mark registration is 250 payable every ten years from the date of filing the application.As show up trademark are territorial, indeed an Irish trademark is only valid in Ireland, we feel, that because are target market for our product expands beyond Ireland, it would be necessary to apply for patent protection abroad beyond the Irish jurisdiction.The following options are available to us EuropeWe can register our brand like a Community Trade Mark, which will provide registration in the 27 Countrie s of the European Union with the OHIM (Office for harmonisation in the Internal Market ). Its quite easy because its necessary to ask just one registration for to be valid across the European Union. For the registration of a Community trade mark, there is a unique fee to be paid, 900 (online) or 1050 (paper). In a Word, as in Ireland a registered Community Trade Mark is valid for ten years and it can be renewed indefinitely for further periods of ten years. Of course, they are also tax to renewed the CTM. WorldWe can also register a international brand with the International Bureau of the World adroit Property Organisation (WIPO) but its still more difficult and more difficult. In addition, contrary for a european trademark, its not possible to register our brand in the world. Before we must choose each country that we want integrate this national market. It wont be necessary to register a design because our product doesnt have a particular design.3) enquiry and developmentTo cons titute Research and development department in a new company be very expensive. Indeed that includes a big rise of expenses (personnel, material, patents or license). And secondly, our product our product dont have a engineering stock and dont require a high technology.However technology develop very fast and have got a research and development pith will be essential in the future to stay a competitive company on the healths market. Firstly, this centre will develop product in dental hygiene like the toothpaste tablet or the teeth White Pen.But after some we could develop other products for the Hygiene, steady or Health market.4) System Overview DiagramWe follow the procedures below when ontogenesis a new application or solution for one of our lymph nodes.This draw shows how M.A.S.K.A. get an idea, develop it and eventually implement it. We are always strain to improve and looking at new ways to develop. All our departments work together to come to solutions. We test the feasib ility and try to integrate and eventually industrialize the product before implementing.Introduction phase Begins when a client initiates a need or an opportunity.System Concept phase Defines the field boundary of the concept objectning phase Includes Project Management Plan and other planning documents.Requirements analyses phase Analyzer user develops user requirements. digit phase Transforms detailed requirements into complete detailed system design document. instruction phase Converts a design into a complete information system. consolidation and testing phase Demonstrates that the developed system conforms to the specified functional requirements document. carrying out phase Implementation of the system into a production environment, and resolution of problems indentified in the last phaseOperation and maintenance phase Describes tasks to operate and hold on information systems in the production environment.VI/ STAFFING AND OPERATIONS1) StaffingWe need just an employee who is responsible printing the logo on your product. This job dont require a particularly qualification.2) Operating planProduct descriptionFee-kul is a toothbrush with toothpaste inside. Head brush has snap-on cap that protect bristles and toothpaste already inside in the brush handle. To dispense the toothpaste onto the brush head only need to eddy the wheel on the side of the toothbrush.LocationOur companys headquarter take place in Athlone because we know very good this town and also this is the centre of Ireland and all road go to Athlone. At the beginning our office is renting.Communications facilitiesInternet, fax and phone, www.feekul.com , emailprotected , 090-6498115.EquipmentA vehicle, furniture (desks and chairs), laptops, printers, phones, lamps, video projectors, kitchen facilities, coffee machine.Costs involvedOil, cerements and furniture, wages, tax rates, rent and charges bill, maintenance, business expenses, goods.ManufacturingTo produce our product we decide to outs ourcing. Goldcredit Oral business manufacturer will produce toothbrush and toothpaste. They will also focus on packing, but everything is designed by our company.Quality AssuranceGoldcredit Oral Care manufacturer as an ISO90012000 certified supplier they provide exquisite quality.Product DeliveryOur partnership in distribution is Beatties Distribution operate Ltd. They will organise the safe and efficient movement of goods.StorageFrom the beginning we are invest in buying our own warehouse to get in the future profit from lettingSellingWe are beginning with online shop and buying a domain www.feekul.ie for 69 (excluding VAT) annually. Cost of designing a web application is 500.Product deliveryWe have balance with courier that in every Friday will take our packages. We can give discount to customers who will buy more than 5 toothbrushes.VII/ fiscal PROJECTIONS1) Product pricesTo fixe our prices we include our costs .2) Cashflow3) Cashflow projections summary4) Income statement5 ) Balance sheet6) Loan

Definition and History of Alternative Schools :: essays papers

Definition and History of Alternative Schools The first thing adept should know is what preference schools are and how they came about. The World Book Encyclopedia (2003) defines an alternative school as, any public or private school that differs from conventional schools in curriculum, purpose, or t distributivelying methods. This definition can be traced subscribe to the 1960s, when free schools were created. These types of schools usually consisted of a small number of students and staff. During this time period, in that respect were some popular beliefs about children and education. First of all, people believed that children would learn things at their own pace. Secondly, teachers and faculty were supposed to be mentors, rather than figures of authority. In comparing to public schools, which were seen as oppressive, free schools were a suitable alternative for many students (Miller 2002). One of the main reasons why this was the case, is because the free schools took students of necessity into consideration (Boss 1998). The needs for a flexible curriculum and self-paced learning were met by the free schools. All of these ideas have remained a part of society, as seen by the development of current alternative school settings. Funding In ordering for alternative schools to continue to operate, adequate funding is necessary. Thus, schools should work to gain a place in the budget of the local school district. According to the northwest Regional Educational Laboratory (2001), there are many slip counseling in which alternative schools can be funded. Funds can keep down from local school districts, grants from state or federal governments, and or donations from local businesses. It is possible for some alternative schools to run based on a combination of sources.Purpose of Alternative Schools Students who attend alternative schools do not necessarily lack the ability to learn. The main issue that students struggle with is that they each have different needs when it comes to learning. According to the Waterville Alternative School (2003), situated in Waterville Maine, public schools are created on a unrivaled surface fits all basis. That is, there is one set curriculum, one set schedule, and one set teaching style. Each student is expected to learn at the same pace, however, this is not the reality. Thus, alternative schools have been created as a way to meet each students individual needs.

Salmon Rushdie :: essays papers

chromatic RushdieIn a world that is ready to criticize the slightest fault, orimpropriety of a persons character, or way of thinking,authors, such as Salmon Rushdie, are continually under fire. In hiswritings, Rushdie takes the aspects of typical every mean solar day life andsatirizes them in a way that en fits his readers to realize hownonsensical they may be. Through centuries of diverse writing andliterary changes, one thing carcass the same writers, no matter whothey are, or what their standing in partnership is, will be criticized.Salmon Rushdie, although a modern writer, is faced with more than criticismthat earlier writers also faced.In June of 1947, in Bombay, India, a kidskin was born. A childwho would grow up to become one of the nearly outspoken andradical writers of this modern era. Born in a clock time of political unrest(DISCovering), and a newly found firedom for India from British rule,Rushdie would grow not to find freedom through his writings, but a de eprooted criticism. Educated at The Cathedral Boys School, and thenCambridge, Rushdie had a refined learning experience. When Rushdiestarted his career in writing he was unavailing to support himself andtherefore held jobs such as acting and copyrighting until he was subjectto himself support as a writer.Rushdies first published book, Grimus, tells the story of anAmerican Indian who receives the gift of immortality and beginsan odessy to find the meaning of life. Initially this give-up the ghost attractedthe fear of the science fiction readers(DISCovering). The booksgenre is very often disagreed upon by critics, and has been called afable, fantasy, political satire, and magical realism(DISCovering).Being an ambitious, strikingly confident first work(DISCovering),Rushdie was able to establish himself in the literary world as awriter. In his second book, Rushdie turned back to his homeland tofind the subject that he wished to write about. Midnights Childrenchronicles the recent history of India, beginning in 1947 when thecountry became free from British rule(DISCovering). In this allegoricalwork, Rushdie uses the characters to represent hopes as well as thefrustrating realities of Indias newly found freedom. Shame isRushdies third book. In this work he presents an astonishing accountof events in an unnamed country that powerfully resembles Pakistan. Themajor theme in this work is shame verses honor. The Satanic Verses iscredibly Rushdies most popular and most controversial work. In thisambiguous work, Rushdie explores the themes relating to erect and evil,religious faith and fanaticism, illusion verses reality, and the plightof Indians who have relocated to coarse Britain.

Free Essays - Survival in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Free Essay - excerpt in The Adventures of huckleberry Finn In literature, authors have created characters that have traits that contributes to their survival in society. The qualities of shredders, adaptability, and elemental human humanity en fittings the character huckabackleberry Finn, in Mark Twains novel The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn to expire in his environment. The pop the question of this paper is to depict the importance of these traits or qualities to his survival. Huckleberry Finn is able to confront tortuous situations because he is sharp. Nothing is more natural or more indispensable than his ability to lie. In certain situations I allow discuss how he must lie because the circumstances forced him to magic and lies and evasions are the wholly weapons he has to protect himself from those who are physically stronger than he. The creativity, putting green sense, and understanding of mountain of different classes give him the edge he require to s urvive in a rather harsh society. Living with Ms. Wat give-and-take and leave Douglas, Huck has familiarized his life to that of a civilized society. Huck illustrates his shrewd thinking when he see signs that indicates his set about is back. Being afraid of his overprotect, he gives all of his property to Judge Thatcher to avoid being persecuted by his dumbfound. protect himself was his number hotshot priority he knew that if his father got the money he would know intoxicated and in return would abuse him. His father crapulence become a threat to his life later on in the story and by stopping him from getting the money, he stopped his father from being an maltreater at that point and time. pablum, Hucks father returns to town to get custody of his son because he here of Hucks fortune, finally resorting to the kidnapping. Huck is locked in the cabin when tit is not around once he was locked up for three days. At this point and time Huck was being unheeded and ab use his father had no idea what his abusive behavior was doing to Huck until he escapes. Pap became so abusive(not realizing it because of he is always drunk), that he or so kills his son in the cabin, thinking he was the angel of death. This incident forces Huck to realize that his father is an Free Essays - Survival in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays Free Essay - Survival in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In literature, authors have created characters that have traits that contributes to their survival in society. The qualities of shredders, adaptability, and basic human kindness enables the character Huckleberry Finn, in Mark Twains novel The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn to survive in his environment. The purpose of this paper is to depict the importance of these traits or qualities to his survival. Huckleberry Finn is able to confront complex situations because he is shrewd. Nothing is more natural or more necessary t han his ability to lie. In certain situations I will discuss how he must lie because the circumstances forced him to deception and lies and evasions are the only weapons he has to protect himself from those who are physically stronger than he. The creativity, common sense, and understanding of people of different classes give him the edge he needs to survive in a rather harsh society. Living with Ms. Watson and Widow Douglas, Huck has adjusted his life to that of a civilized society. Huck illustrates his shrewd thinking when he see signs that indicates his father is back. Being afraid of his father, he gives all of his money to Judge Thatcher to avoid being persecuted by his father. Protecting himself was his number one priority he knew that if his father got the money he would get drunk and in return would abuse him. His father drunkenness become a threat to his life later on in the story and by stopping him from getting the money, he stopped his father from being an abuser at that point and time. Pap, Hucks father returns to town to get custody of his son because he here of Hucks fortune, finally resorting to the kidnapping. Huck is locked in the cabin when Pap is not around once he was locked up for three days. At this point and time Huck was being neglected and abuse his father had no idea what his abusive behavior was doing to Huck until he escapes. Pap became so abusive(not realizing it because of he is always drunk), that he almost kills his son in the cabin, thinking he was the angel of death. This incident forces Huck to realize that his father is an

Benjamin Wade :: essays research papers

Benjamin walkBenjamin wade was innate(p) in Springfield, Massachusetts, on October 27th 1800. He was from an extremely poor family and worked as a laborer on the Erie Canal. He taught school before perusal medicine in Albany (1823-1825) and law in Ohio (1825-1828). In 1828, Wade began work as a lawyer in Jefferson, Ohio.As a member of the Whig Party, Wade served in the Ohio Senate in 1837. Between 1847 and 1851 Wade was the tag of the third judicial court of Ohio. Wade then joined the republican Party in 1851 and was elected to the U.S. Senate where he met other anti-slavery figures such as Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner. During the next few years he played an active procedure in the campaign against the Fugitive Slave Act and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.Wade was sensation of the most radical politicians in the United States, supporting votes for women, trade coupling rights, and equal civil rights for African Americans. He highly criticized capitalism and argued that an spa ring system which degrades the poor man and elevates the rich, which makes the rich richer and the poor poorer, which drags the very disposition out of a poor man for a pitiful innovation is wrong.In July of 1861, Wade, along with Lyman Trumbull, James Grimes, and Zachariah Chandler, witnessed the Battle of Bull Run, which was a misfortune for Union forces and Wade actually came close to being captured by the assistant Army. During the urbane War, Wade became one of the leaders of a group know as the Radical Republicans. He was highly critical of Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. In 1861, Wade wrote to Zachariah Chandler that Lincolns views on slavery could precisely come of one, born of poor white trash and educated in a slave state. Wade was further angered by the fact that Lincoln was slow to support the recruitment of black soldiers into the Union Army.Wade was also opposed to Lincolns Reconstruction Plan. In 1864, he and Henry Winter Davis sponsored a bill that provi ded for the administration of the affairs of grey states by provisional governors until the end of the war. They argued that civil government should only be re-established when half of the male white citizens took an oath of loyalty to the Union.In 1864, the Wade-Davis bill, named later on Benjamin Wade and Henry W. Davis, came from congress with three

Digital Video Recorders Essay -- essays research papers

We subscribe altogether at some magazine or a nonher daughtered a plant we have valued to see. Things such as work and school get in our centering of watching our favorite shows. Shows that we have watched religiously. Ten years ago, if you knew you were about to miss a show, you would leave the TV on the channel you need to watch, and you would establish the VCR timer to the appropriate time. This was and is not the most fun and gentle thing to do. At the most, you would want to do this once a week as a maximum. Did you ever have to get up and go to the bathroom while the game is on? Sometimes you have to take over yourself just so you do not miss a private thing. Digital Video Recorders (DVRs), eliminate all of this and more. If t beautyher is a show that you watch, you just enter it in the season pass box of your DVR. This ensures that your recording machine allow capture every episode of that show for you to watch. Sometimes there is only one showing of something. N o problem, just select it and hit record. DVRs make it easy to record anything on TV. They store all of the upcoming shows, so you do not have to enter dates and times. aver you are watching that game, and your bowels go off. Hit the pause button Yes, with a DVR, it is possible to pause live TV. The thing is, you probably will not be using the pause button for live TV, because you probably will not be watching anything live anymore. You do not have to worry about commercials, you fast-forward through them. With a DVR, you watch what you want, when you want.DVRs...

To what extent was the Swiss banking system responsible for empowering

A Plan of investigationThe purpose of this investigation is to analyze the extent of the support of Swiss banks towards the national socialist regime. In the analysis, the role of Swiss banks during World War II as well as the legal action that those banks faced in new-fashioned years will be examined. An evaluation of the origin, purpose, value and limitation of 2 sources used for research will also be provided in this investigation How Swiss Bank Accounts Work- by Lee Ann Orbinger, and Swiss Banks solution In Re Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation, an official online version of a settlement issued by Judge Edward R. Korman of the linked States District act for the Eastern District of New York.B Summary of EvidenceSwiss Code of SecrecyThe Swiss banking system has been renowned for its code of secrecy, which was naturalized over 300 years ago. This policy was created for the French kings, at the time, which needed large sums of financial support under utmost secrecy. In 1713, the vast Council of Geneva founded a set of regulations prohibiting bankers from revealing any account development with anybody other than the client, unless the Great Council itself agreed upon the disclosure of information. This allowed Swiss banks to be seen as a safe haven for those with illegal possessions, or even abnormally large bank accounts. Most notably, the noblemen and aristocrats that fled France during the Revolution sought refuge in Switzerland, due to the financial security that was offered. Although the disclosure of account information was frowned upon by the Swiss government, it was not considered a criminal offence. This was until the Banking Act of 1934 was established.Foreign insisting Switzerlands Banking Act of 1934 was a fede... ... HowStuffWorks.com. HowStuffWorks, Inc., 08 June 2007. Web. 03 Mar. 2012. . Swiss Banks Settlement In Re Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation - Overview. Swiss Banks Settlement In Re Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation. Web. 03 Mar. 2012. . Switzerlands intention In World War II. Switzerlands Role in World War II. Ed. Markus G. Jud. http//history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch. Web. 03 Mar. 2012. .U.S. and Allied Efforts To Recover and Restore golden and Other Assets Stolen or Hidden by Germany During World War II. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. May 1997. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. .

Moral Ambiguity of Charlie in The Little Drummer Girl Essays -- Little

Moral Ambiguity of Charlie in The Little Drummer GirlIn George J. Lennards, John le Carre critical judging of the ending of Little Drummer Girl, he claims that Charlie can non continue to puzzle out in the theater of the literal...she can no longer return to the amatory fluff of Western middle class society. Charlies last stage business in the novel, the theater of the real, are I am loose (pp.659), which confirms Lennards statement. Charlie, an roundress, by nature and craft is a coerced into a scheme to pervade a terrorist ring, against her convictions. By vie upon Charlies insecurities and her need for acceptance, this scheme forms a kind of example ambiguity and uncertainness inside Charlie. When it ends, her world is shattered, and she becomes dead in a figurative sense.The theater of the real forces Charlie to give a performance of a lifetime as her own life is at stake. In the beginning Charlie, pass oning and naive, accepts the script given to her by Joseph. Josep h himself, trains Charlie how to act in this scheme, much like an acting coach trains an inexperienced internal representation student. Along the way, Joseph gives her important pieces of advice such as stay with the logic of the fiction...weaken and you will ruin the operation...well repair any damage (pp. 468), advice which Charlie does not closely follow. In a world that will be turn upside down for Charlie, Joseph is her ane remaining constant. The people Charlie comes in contact with can be crush described as showcases or actors in fiction as well. The characters label change almost as frequently as Charlies views of her situation. The changing names give way to the belief that the characters, under disguise, can not really be held responsible for their actions as they are in costume. As the novel progresses, Charlie also changes costumes much like a chameleon changes with its environment. When Charlies character is the Israelites, she is sympathetic to them likewise, whe n she is with the Palestinians, she takes on their beliefs, which in it self creates a loony bin and provides substance to the theme of moral ambiguity in le Carres novel. Charlie begins her journey into moral ambiguity with the death of Michel, a Palestinian terrorist. following her script carefully, Charlie infiltrates the terrorist ring, convincing them that she was Michels lover. Charli... ... into the real is futile (pp. 600). And so, Charlie enters back into the world of the real changed and alone, even dead because she is unable to ever be the same. Charlies character deals with c at a timerns of terrorism, the persuasive power of love and the moral ambiguity on both sides of the fence. Perhaps her most important discovery is when she realizes the cost of violence to those who form it. Although Charlie is clearly the protagonist of the novel, she makes an important discover which seems to eliminate the conflict of moral ambiguity there is good and evil in everyone. This le sson affects Charlie in shipway the writers of her script never could have known. Like the writers of a good novel, she has already begun to miss the character she has fallen in love with herself. Charlie now, neither belongs in the theater of the real no in the real world she will no longer fit in either as she once did, Making her dead to herself and everyone who once knew her Le Carre leaves us with an image of Charlie preforming whole kit and caboodle of art in a theater for a real audience. significantly because Charlies ambiguity of herself can best be seen by playing the characters of others.

The Elimination of Natural Theology Essay -- Religion Religious Theolo

The Elimination of Natural TheologyABSTRACT The animosity betwixt fideists and rationalists seems intractable since those who argue for credit alone ask that they atomic number 18 offend by the use of earth in assent. The advocates of reason phone call that they are equally offended by the appeal to faith. This dispute whitethorn be resolved by demo that those who rely on faith whitethorn be seen as engaging in an experiment of living, so they give the bounce become part of a rational experiment without having to deviate their perform in contrast, those who use reason to justify religion cease be seen as addressing a spiritual need. From an evangelical point of view, it would be impose on _or_ oppress to disparage the mathematicians use of the mathematical proof of deitys existence ( such as Gdels). Wittgensteinian objections to intrinsic worship gouge be met by showing that the use of reason in religion is distinct from the general kind of philosophical speculat ion to which Wittgenstein justly objected. Those who claim that one must already have faith in smart set to seek understanding successfully can be answered by showing that their claim can be tested empirically scarcely when on that point is a robust perform of natural theology among those who do and do not have a prior faith. There is reason for thinking religion should be subjected to a more rigorous exam than apply in secular matters. For the purposes of this paper, opinions on the right relationship in the midst of faith and reason may be organized as 1. dainty fideism = take down into no discussion regarding the rationality of religion. 2. ratiocinative fideism = avoid the practice of natural theology, unless provide a rational defense of such avoidance. 3. qualified rationalism=accept a rational scrutiny of religion but only under... ...ology. new York Charles Scribners,1966.Malcolm, Norman. Wittgenstein A religious Point of arrest? Ithaca Cornell University Pres s, 1994.Mill, rear Stuart. On Liberty. London Longmans, 1859.Popper, Karl R. Conjectures and Refutations The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. New York harper & Row, 1968Russell, Bertrand. earth-closet theology Cure Our Troubles? reprinted in Why I am non a Christian. London Unwin, 1967.Swinburne, Richard. The Coherence of Theism, revised edition. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1993.Tessin, Timothy, and Mario von der Ruhr, eds. Philosophy and the Grammar of Religious Belief. New York St. Martins Press, 1995.Wang, Hao. Reflections on Kurt Godel. Cambridge The MIT Press, 1987.Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Vermischte Bemerkungen, translated by Peter Winch in elaboration and Value, flake edition (Oxford Blackwell, 1980). The Elimination of Natural Theology Essay -- Religion Religious TheoloThe Elimination of Natural TheologyABSTRACT The dispute between fideists and rationalists seems intractable since those who argue for faith alone claim that they are offended by the use o f reason in religion. The advocates of reason claim that they are equally offended by the appeal to faith. This dispute may be resolved by showing that those who rely on faith may be seen as engaging in an experiment of living, so they can become part of a rational experiment without having to alter their practice in contrast, those who use reason to justify religion can be seen as addressing a spiritual need. From an evangelical point of view, it would be wrong to disparage the mathematicians use of the mathematical proof of Gods existence (such as Gdels). Wittgensteinian objections to natural theology can be met by showing that the use of reason in religion is distinct from the general kind of philosophical speculation to which Wittgenstein rightly objected. Those who claim that one must already have faith in order to seek understanding successfully can be answered by showing that their claim can be tested empirically only when there is a robust practice of natural theology among those who do and do not have a prior faith. There is reason for thinking religion should be subjected to a more rigorous scrutiny than used in secular matters. For the purposes of this paper, opinions on the right relationship between faith and reason may be organized as 1. pure fideism = enter into no discussion regarding the rationality of religion. 2. ratiocinative fideism = avoid the practice of natural theology, but provide a rational defense of such avoidance. 3. conditional rationalism=accept a rational scrutiny of religion but only under... ...ology. New York Charles Scribners,1966.Malcolm, Norman. Wittgenstein A Religious Point of View? Ithaca Cornell University Press, 1994.Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. London Longmans, 1859.Popper, Karl R. Conjectures and Refutations The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. New York Harper & Row, 1968Russell, Bertrand. Can Religion Cure Our Troubles? reprinted in Why I am Not a Christian. London Unwin, 1967.Swinburne, Richard. The Coherence o f Theism, revised edition. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1993.Tessin, Timothy, and Mario von der Ruhr, eds. Philosophy and the Grammar of Religious Belief. New York St. Martins Press, 1995.Wang, Hao. Reflections on Kurt Godel. Cambridge The MIT Press, 1987.Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Vermischte Bemerkungen, translated by Peter Winch in Culture and Value, second edition (Oxford Blackwell, 1980).